Night before

Physics 1 cram sheet

Every unit on AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based, with the multiple-choice weighting from the CED and the topics the framework actually names. Then the exam format and the 2025 score facts, sourced from College Board.

How the exam is scored

  • Length: 3 hours.
  • 42 multiple-choice questions, 85 minutes, 50% of exam score.
  • 4 free-response questions, 95 minutes, 50% of exam score: Mathematical Routines, Translation Between Representations, Experimental Design and Analysis, Qualitative/Quantitative Translation.
  • A four-function, scientific, or graphing calculator is allowed on both sections of the exam.

In 2025, 67.3% of 174,992 students scored a 3 or higher, mean 3.12 (official score distributions). That is the published distribution. It is not a personal 1 to 5 predictor.

Units and MCQ weight

Unit 1: Kinematics

10-15% of the multiple-choice section

  • 1.1 Scalars and Vectors in One Dimension
  • 1.2 Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration
  • 1.3 Representing Motion
  • 1.4 Reference Frames and Relative Motion
  • 1.5 Vectors and Motion in Two Dimensions

Unit 2: Force and Translational Dynamics

18-23% of the multiple-choice section

  • 2.1 Systems and Center of Mass
  • 2.2 Forces and Free-Body Diagrams
  • 2.3 Newton's Third Law
  • 2.4 Newton's First Law
  • 2.5 Newton's Second Law
  • 2.6 Gravitational Force
  • 2.7 Kinetic and Static Friction
  • 2.8 Spring Forces
  • 2.9 Circular Motion

Unit 3: Work, Energy, and Power

18-23% of the multiple-choice section

  • 3.1 Translational Kinetic Energy
  • 3.2 Work
  • 3.3 Potential Energy
  • 3.4 Conservation of Energy
  • 3.5 Power

Unit 4: Linear Momentum

10-15% of the multiple-choice section

  • 4.1 Linear Momentum
  • 4.2 Change in Momentum and Impulse
  • 4.3 Conservation of Linear Momentum
  • 4.4 Elastic and Inelastic Collisions

Unit 5: Torque and Rotational Dynamics

10-15% of the multiple-choice section

  • 5.1 Rotational Kinematics
  • 5.2 Connecting Linear and Rotational Motion
  • 5.3 Torque
  • 5.4 Rotational Inertia
  • 5.5 Rotational Equilibrium and Newton's First Law in Rotational Form
  • 5.6 Newton's Second Law in Rotational Form

Unit 6: Energy and Momentum of Rotating Systems

5-8% of the multiple-choice section

  • 6.1 Rotational Kinetic Energy
  • 6.2 Torque and Work
  • 6.3 Angular Momentum and Angular Impulse
  • 6.4 Conservation of Angular Momentum
  • 6.5 Rolling
  • 6.6 Motion of Orbiting Satellites

Unit 7: Oscillations

5-8% of the multiple-choice section

  • 7.1 Defining Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)
  • 7.2 Frequency and Period of SHM
  • 7.3 Representing and Analyzing SHM
  • 7.4 Energy of Simple Harmonic Oscillators

Unit 8: Fluids

10-15% of the multiple-choice section

  • 8.1 Internal Structure and Density
  • 8.2 Pressure
  • 8.3 Fluids and Newton's Laws
  • 8.4 Fluids and Conservation Laws

Equation sheet: the Physics 1 sheet. Projectile, step by step: walk through a launch. Course hub: AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based.